Estimating Chances of Admissions

Estimating chances of admission Source: Casey Barneson Typing into Google search bar: I have a 3.7 GPA, what are my chances of getting into Northwestern? Or, "Hey Siri, how do I get into Harvard?" How do you know if you'll get accepted to the college of your dreams? Or how about college in general? Rather than applying literally praying to the Gods that you'll get accepted, take control in understanding how admission decisions are made and what data you can collect to have a strong idea of your odds of admission. Let's take a look at the factors and tools that will help you understand your chances of admission and help you build a balanced college list. How colleges review your GPA and test scores It's important to understand that colleges review your application within the context of your high school and what you did and did not have access to. Every high school has varying curriculums, Ex., AP courses, IB, honors, no AP coursework at all, and different grading systems and courses offered. Because of this, admission counselors get to know their territories and understand the make up of each high school. They get a sense of how students do academically within that given environment and that a 4.0 GPA at Desert High School is not automatically comparable to Ocean High School. You're looking to get a sense of where you are academically in comparison to your peers, and also how past applicants from your high school faired in the admission process. This isn't to say that you'll text all your friends and ask how Mary got into Berkeley, but it can be helpful to know if you're in the top 30% of your high school, for example. Here are some ways you can gain some context: ·        Review your high school profile. Here's our profile. We provide a grade distribution, we list the courses so a college can see if a student took the highest math offered to them or if they doubled up on foreign languages, and how our AP scores or SAT/ACT score averages trend. ·        Ask your counselor if there's any system that collects data on college application trends and academic profiles. Naviance offers Scattergrams. These charts help show past year's GPA and test scores for specific universities and the decisions. So, you could look up the University of California, San Diego and see that the average GPA of accepted students from your high school in the past four years has been a 4.37 weighted GPA and a 3.8 unweighted GPA. o   Disclaimers: §  Data can often be self-reported §  The charts do not show qualitative factors (essays, letters of recommendations, special circumstances, activities + awards, etc.) §  It is an average GPA with a number of factors, so if you have a 3.6 and want to apply to UCSD in our example above, you won't be automatically denied, remember, you're gathering information to make the best educated decision to balance your college list In keeping the theme with GPAs and academic trends, you'll also want to look directly on the college's website for average academic profiles of past admitted applicants. There are a lot of blogs that compile data BUT keep in mind going directly to the source when it comes to the most up-to-date information is best, so yes, if you like it, read the blog, BUT in addition go to the college's website, talk to an admission counselor, and gather information directly from the source. Go to the college's website you're interested in and search admitted student profiles (you might have to dig a little) but find the page, again on the college's website) that shares test scores, admit rates, and oftentimes GPAs to see the ranges and assess how academically competitive you are. HINT: If a college is test optional, you can see if your SAT or ACT score is within or above the ranges to make a judgement call and send your score or not! Also, not all colleges require tests! At this point, you'll want to keep track of this info so you can compare and review it as you keep going. Really an excel spreadsheet, a word doc, or even good old fashioned pen and paper is fine. Just make some columns and have a few categories like this will do... College High School Academic Stats College Academic Stats Acceptance Rate Why I like the school PRIME example of what happens when you Google without reading further into the data. Take the time to do a mindful search and collect data BEFORE getting caught up in GPA. Institutional priorities Now's the part where you learn fancy college terms...ready? Institutional priorities are the internal powers that be. What does that mean? Every college has their own internal priorities that you may never hear about and are essentially unpredictable that drive decisions. Like if an alumni donated to the music department and there's now an initiative to increase the program, so one year you hear more students getting in. Or if there's an initiative to increase a student population, or to cut back on funding in a certain program. This stuff can drive you nuts, and it can also change year to year. College admission decisions in a holistic admission review process are rarely predictable, which is why we go at length to discuss a balanced college list that you've researched extensively and also added at least 2 or 3 colleges that you're likely to get into AND would actually attend. In a holistic admission review process, admission counselors review a number of pieces as a part of their admission process such as academics, letters of rec, essays, testing, activities, etc. Each piece may hold a bigger weight, but ALL parts are considered. The best thing you can do about institutional priorities is try not to predict them. If your neighbor said they volunteered at this shelter that the college loved, don't assume you should volunteer at the same shelter. The next best thing you can do is get to know your regional admission counselor. Every college has one and their job is to help inform prospective students and can often be one of the readers on your college application. Get to know them, they can advocate for you, and help give you inside information they can share, like how to strengthen your application, like snagging that alumni interview. Demonstrated interest This leads us to demonstrated interest. Another fancy term that colleges use to gauge your interest in actually attending their university. It is important to note that NOT ALL colleges use this, so check with your admission counselor. It's not the end all be all, but it can be incredibly helpful for both parties involved. It's a win win, when you get to know the university, visit campus (virtually or in person), attend an admission presentation, fill out an interest form online, etc. You get to hear more about the university and if it's a good fit for you AND the admission counselor sees that you're actually interested, which can help them feel more confident in accepting you. Think about throwing a party and no one showing up. They can track your interest and feel confident about their invite! When to apply As you near fall of your senior year, you will have a solidified college list. This is where your excel sheet adds more columns and you take a look at decision dates and deadlines and admission plans. When you apply is all about when you can present the strongest application. If there is an early admission plan (deadlines typically due November 1 or 15 of senior year) and you have essays completed, letters of recommendation requested, and feel confident about your grades, for example, early may be in your best interest. If you're a late bloomer, or had something outside of your control that affected grades, and you really want to show off your first semester senior grades, you might consider applying all regular decision, giving yourself time to present a stronger application. Note: There are binding decision plans such as early decision or restrictive early action, where you apply to a binding decision plan to ONE university and if accepted, you withdraw all applications and attend that university. There are pros and cons to this and will vary on the student and university. Check with your counselor, see if it's a right fit, and always check financial aid and estimate college costs, as decisions will come out prior to receiving a financial aid package. LASTLY, GPA might deter you from even getting to know a college. Just because it's a selective institution does not mean you'll LOVE your experience there! On the flip side, applying to college that you'll get into but won't attend doesn't leave you with options! BTW there are thousands of four year college and universities across the United States, not including international universities. A majority of those schools have higher acceptance rates (see below!). There are plenty of options, so do yourself a favor and begin your college search and don't limit yourself. As you get to know what you want, you can narrow down schools and ultimately ensure you have list of colleges, nicely balanced, and all with the things you love.

Holistic Academic Review: More Than a GPA

By Samantha Rose-Sinclair to the blog. 

It’s that time of year! For new goals and resolutions? Perhaps. For feeling recharged after time off from work and school? Hopefully. For a crisp 3-inch blanket of snow draped across the ground? Maybe, but in Atlanta probably not. 

 For “How’d Emily get admitted with a 4.4 and John get denied with a 4.7?” Absolutely. Given my digital media work for our office, I’m privy to chat threads that start just like that, all the time. This time of year, those questions are on especially heavy rotation as “Chance me with a X.XX GPA” turns into “I was admitted/denied/deferred with a X.XX GPA.” So, all other elements of fit and the holistic review process aside (Which is no small “aside”, but my colleagues have written lots of great blogs on the matter) let’s talk about the limitations of using, and comparing, transcript GPAs alone as a decision indicator in holistic admission.  

The impact of weighting, and extracurricular courses 

Many schools use weighted GPAs to add extra point(s) to their more rigorous courses- AP, honors, etc. Essentially, the aim is to create a grade point that not only factors in a student’s performance in a class, but also the difficulty of the class. 

 Let’s say a school gives one extra grade point to AP courses (So, an A in an AP is five grade points, compared to four in a regular course). Emily and John both take two AP courses, and both get As for grade points of five. Emily has early dismissal at the end of the day, which she uses for her internship. She doesn’t get a grade for it. John is particularly interested in science, and is taking an anatomy course he’s enjoying- it’s offered at a regular level, so his A gets him four grade points.  

EMILY Classes	Letter Grade	Grade point
AP Calculus	A	5.00
AP Biology	A	5.00
Early Release—Work	–	–
AVERAGE		5.00

 

JOHN Classes	Letter Grade	Grade point
AP Calculus	A	5.00
AP Biology	A	5.00
Anatomy	A	4.00
AVERAGE		4.666

 In the short example above, both students received all As, both students used their time productively to explore additional interests, yet Emily’s average is a 5.00, John’s average is a 4.67.   

As the “A” in the abbreviation suggests, GPAs are just averages. They don’t give the context of what courses a student took, and how that impacted the final number. Here’s the good news: in holistic review, context is everything. Using your transcript to unpack your full course history and performance gives far more insight into your academic preparation than the GPA summarizing that performance.  (Video version, if you prefer)

The impact of non-universal school scales and curriculums 

In the above example, I gave you the scale by which the school weighed GPAs. When admission counselors review transcripts, we’ll typically have grading information available to us from a school report, school profile, or on the transcript itself. Out in the wild of various admission forums and chats with neighbors/friends/your great aunt’s second cousin… you won’t have that information, yet, it’s critical to understanding the ranges of GPAs typical at a given high school. A few weighted 4.0 scale examples: 

School One: honors get .5 points added, APs have 1 point added. The highest grade awarded is an A+. They offer 34 honors courses and 29 AP courses and do not limit the APs a student can take. Valedictorian has about a 4.9 

School Two: again, honors get .5 points added and APs get 1 point added. The highest grade awarded is an A. The school offers 18 honors courses and 22 AP courses, students are limited to taking 1 AP sophomore year, 3 junior and senior years. Accordingly, GPAs tend to average lower than School One, the valedictorian has about a 4.5 

School Three: Honors and AP courses are both weighted with two points, accelerated courses are weighted with one point. In the spring of 2020, all passing grades were marked as As, which is the highest grade awarded. There are no limits on weighted courses. Valedictorian has about a 5.6.  

There are an infinite number of curriculums and grading scales, there is no universal standard across United States school districts. The above hasn’t scratched the surface on 4.0 models, let alone 100 point models, 6 point, 7 point… you get the idea. When you see Emily on Reddit’s admission decision with a 4.4 and you’re curious what it means for you, it’s a fruitless comparison. Or perhaps fruit filled, as a 4.4 at her school is likely apples and oranges to a 4.4 at yours. Terrible play on words, sorry. 

Unweighted GPAs and the impact of rigor

In an unweighted GPA model, there’s no extra weight added to coursework, each course is factored into the GPA based on points for performance alone. Emily and John are both interested in aerospace engineering, and took the following schedules this year:  

EMILY Classes	Letter	Grade point
AP Physics	A	4.00
Calculus	A	4.00
Honors English	B+	3.3
AVERAGE		3.766

JOHN Classes	Letter	Grade point
Underwater Basket Weaving	A	4.00
Precalculus	A-	3.7
The Art of Napping	A	4.00
AVERAGE		3.9

At first glance, John’s earned a higher average than Emily, with a 3.9 compared to her 3.77. But all naps that I took in college aside…who has the stronger academic preparation for college-level coursework in aerospace engineering? I’ll let you make that call.  

The impact of performance over time and subject  

When looking at the transcript, admission reviewers can see patterns in course choice and performance. Where did the student perform their best? Which subjects did they challenge themselves in? And, how did they perform over time? We also may receive information from the student or school providing insight on circumstances that impacted a student’s academics. We may find upward academic trends (improved grades as a student progressed) or downward trends. In other words, while Emily and John could have a similar GPA, one might have had lower grades in 9th grade, while the other, in 11th. We know juniors are tired of hearing this, but given that they represent the more advanced coursework that you’ll build from in college, those later courses and their grades tend to matter more. All in all, the transcript tells a story of academic fit through the lens of your growth, strengths, and interests, which isn’t quite captured in a single number.   

So why does this matter? If you’re waiting on admission decisions, it can truly be stressful reading other students’ stats and trying to anticipate what it means for you. The reality is, those numbers are entirely devoid of the context—academically, and the additional context of holistic application review that we’ve sidelined for now—that they were made in. And so, I encourage the academic equivalent of “don’t judge a book by its cover”. While I know it’s tempting to try and find signposts hinting at a decision as you wait, my hope is that armed with this understanding, you can save yourself the headache and heartache of comparison and keep your sights on your own path, and your own accomplishments in this new year ahead.