There
are so many milestones in any parent’s life. Your baby’s first steps,
their first words, the first day of school, and their first girlfriend
or boyfriend. But there are few occasions more momentous than the day
you send your teen or young adult off to college.
You will
probably be feeling bittersweet about it. You're delighted they're on
track to succeed in life and learning to become an independent adult,
but you may also worry that college will be a difficult transition. You
will no longer be able to see them every day to help with their health,
or their homework. You won’t know if they are struggling academically unless they tell you — and many students struggle without ever telling their parents.
Psychology Professor Drew C. Appleby, Ph.D. asked students
enrolled in his freshman learning community to describe the differences
they were experiencing between their high school classes and their
college classes. His students identified several differences and said
that “both the amount and difficulty of the work they were required to
do in college classes has increased significantly from high school.”
They
also listed time as a factor, citing the greater amount of time it took
to complete assignments and the limited time they had to learn new
material because of the faster pace of classes.
Additionally, they
noted that learning was their responsibility and not that of the
professors who led their classes. One student wrote, “You did not have
to do reading assignments in high school because your teacher taught you
everything that was in your textbook that you had to know for tests. In
college, if you do not do your homework, you have no crutch to lean on.
You are much more on your own in college classes.”
Your new college student should be prepared to adapt
to a different type of academic environment in college. Discuss these
six key strategies with them before they leave for college and reinforce
them during their college years.
1. Dealing With Academic Freedom
Students
receive less direction in college than they did in high school. In
college, your student has the freedom to choose their academic major,
their electives, their professors, and the number of hours they attend
class.
This freedom, though exhilarating, can also be
overwhelming. College gives your student the opportunity to pursue
self-exploration and discovery. They're free to pursue subjects and
interests they enjoy and steer clear of the things they dislike. But
balance is key, and the first semester should not be overloaded with
more credit hours than your student can handle.
Encourage them to
set realistic goals. And remind them that freedom comes with
responsibility. They should work closely with their academic advisor and make sure they are on track to graduate in four years or less.
2. Managing the Increase in Study Requirements
Your
student will quickly discover they will do very little "work" in the
classroom. Instead, professors expect students to pay attention and take
advantage of class time for learning: listening to lectures, taking
notes, and participating in discussions. Since most lectures move at a
fast pace, your student will be responsible for deciding which points
are important to write down and review later.
Homework and outside
reading are critical in college. Tests and midterm and final exams will
also be based on the work your student does outside the classroom. They
will spend much more time doing homework than they ever did in high
school, and you won’t be there to be sure they are doing it.
Encourage
your student to create a study schedule based on the amount of work
assigned and the time to complete it. My daughter did this religiously
with her reading assignments. As she was assigned a book, she counted
the pages and scheduled a specific number to read each day. That way she
wasn’t cramming to finish the book before it was due. Include study
time to review class notes and highlight any information that might be
on a test, midterm or final.
3. Tackling College-Level Academics
For
many college students, transitioning to college-level academics
requires adjusting their habits and expectations. It requires improved
study habits and a mindset to accept the changes in academic settings.
Classes are larger, often in huge lecture halls. The pace is faster with
lengthier reading assignments. Standards are higher and grasping the
material requires concentration. Professors expect them to show up for
class, pay attention and do the work.
If your student tends to
procrastinate, college might provide a wake-up call. Waiting until the
last minute to read a book, complete an assignment, or study for a test
isn’t as easy as it was in high school. The material is more difficult
to grasp and retain.Professors may have little compassion for the
student who doesn’t turn in work on time or gives excuses for a poor
grade due to lack of preparation.
That said, professors and TAs
(teaching assistants) want your student to succeed, and they offer study
sessions and office hours for students who need extra support with a
topic or project.
Coach Your Student to Communicate With Professors >
4. Managing Their Time
You
won’t be able to micromanage your student in college and they'll have
many distractions to deter them from the main reason they are attending
college — to learn and eventually get a degree. There will be scheduled
class time and group project time, but no one will be making sure they
attend.
In college, your student will be given assignments that
require large time commitments. Term papers, semester projects and
preparing for finals make up a large portion of their grades and your
student is responsible for managing their time effectively to complete
these assignments on time. They should read the syllabus provided and
make note of assignment deadlines and test dates.
There will also
be a learning curve when it comes to balancing their time between
academics and a social life. Your student will have free time to use as
they choose and should most certainly take advantage of activities and
opportunities on campus. But they should also learn to prioritize their
studies and say no when the activity interferes with study time. Setting
boundaries and managing time is crucial to your student’s academic success.
5. Adjusting to Different Teaching Styles
In
high school, teachers teach the content of the textbook to help their
students understand the material. Often they hand out notes and study
guides. Professors, on the other hand, may lecture nonstop, bringing in
additional background information, and even discussing research related
to the topic. It’s up to the student to arrive prepared (by completing
assigned reading in advance), take good notes, and review after class.
At
some universities, introductory classes are taught by graduate student
teaching assistants. In this case, your student may only see the
professor a couple of times during the term. Every professor and TA has
their own teaching style. Some your student may like and others they may
not. But learning to adapt to these styles is a part of adjusting to
college.
Tips for helping your student if they struggle with an instructor's teaching style >
6. Asking for Help
Most new students have problems adjusting to the college learning environment. Colleges provide plentiful resources to assist those who ask for help.
When
your student feels overwhelmed, remind them to seek help on campus! The
tutoring and campus writing center, their academic advisor and even their professors can assist when asked. Professors have office hours and are more than willing to answer any questions related to their course materials.
These
valuable resources are available to all students and your student
should know where they are on campus and how to use them.
College
academics may be a challenging adjustment for your student. They
shouldn't despair if it takes a semester or two to get the hang of
things. If they make use of the resources the school offers, stick to a
study plan, and manage their time wisely, they'll adapt — and thrive.